PROTEIN LADDER ON WESTERN BLOT DNAK ACTIVATOR

The knowledge on the pathogenic mechanism of M. hyorhinis and annexin A2 of the cell ( Liu et al., 2017). hyorhinis-infected hepatocarcinoma cells, which depends on the interaction between a surface lipoprotein P37 of M. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to various chemotherapeutic agents has been observed in M. hyorhinis-infected tumor cell cultures, mycoplasma-encoded cytidine deaminase and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase were shown to compromise the antitumor activity of nucleoside analogs ( Vande Voorde et al., 2014b). hyorhinis infection also increases the resistance of tumor cells to anticancer agents. Related mechanisms may include NF-κB signaling pathway activation ( Duan et al., 2014a), increased activity of MMP-2 ( Gong et al., 2008), enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 ( Duan et al., 2014b), and IL-6-mediated STAT3 signaling activation ( Gomersall et al., 2015). hyorhinis induces cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo ( Yang et al., 2010). hyorhinis has been reported to be significantly higher in cancer tissues than the tissues of patients without cancer ( Huang et al., 2001 Vande Voorde et al., 2014a). Although it seems not to be a commensal bacteria wildly popular in human, but the infection proportion of M. The disease leads to reduced performance or culling of affected animals, which results in economic losses to the pig production industry ( Clavijo et al., 2017 Martinson et al., 2018). It has occasionally also been linked with pneumonia, eustachitis, otitis, conjunctivitis, meningoencephalitis, and abortion in pigs ( Zimmerman et al., 2019). It is well recognized now as a cause of polyserositis and polyathritis primarily in nursery-age pigs. It was once considered to be a harmless commensal bacteria colonizing the tonsils and respiratory tract epithelium however, its pathogenicity was subsequently identified and confirmed. hyorhinis was recognized as a pathogen of swine in Carter and McKay (1953). Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a species of mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes), which are small-sized, cell-wall-free, prokaryotic organisms. hyorhinis and likely participates extensively in the infection and pathogenesis processes of M. In summary, our findings imply that DnaK is an important multifunctional moonlighting protein in M. Finally, a DnaK-specific antibody was detected in the serum of pigs immunized with inactivated vaccines, which indicated good immunogenicity of it.

PROTEIN LADDER ON WESTERN BLOT DNAK ACTIVATOR

rMhr-DnaK-bound plasminogen was activated by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and the addition of rMhr-DnaK significantly enhanced the activation. ELISA demonstrated an interaction between rMhr-DnaK and plasminogen, which was significantly inhibited by a lysine analog, ε-aminocaproic acid. It also bound to four extracellular matrix components-fibronectin, laminin, type IV collagen, and vitronectin-in a dose-dependent manner. hyorhinis DnaK (rMhr-DnaK) was found to be able to adhere to swine PK-15 cells and human NCI-H292 cells. Thereafter, the potential moonlighting functions of DnaK were investigated. Two virulent strains expressed more DnaK on their surface than the avirulent strain. In the present study, we identified the surface exposure of M. DnaK is a highly conserved protein belonging to the heat-shock protein 70 family of molecular chaperones, which plays important roles as a moonlighting protein in various bacteria. It causes systemic inflammation, typically polyserositis and polyarthritis, in some infected pigs. Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a common pathogen of swine and is also associated with various human tumors. 5School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.4College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.3College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.2Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China.1School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.Yao Li 1,2† Jia Wang 2,3† Beibei Liu 2 Yanfei Yu 2,4,5 Ting Yuan 2 Yanna Wei 2,3 Yuan Gan 2 Jia Shao 2,4 Guoqing Shao 2,3,4,5 Zhixin Feng 1,2,4 Zhigang Tu 1* Qiyan Xiong 1,2,3,4*

Protein ladder on western blot dnak